溴水氧化-磷钼蓝分光光度法测定水和废水中元素磷

对元素磷水样的采集方法进行了比对；对其测定条件进行了试验；提出有机磷农药对元素磷测定无干扰；在应急监测时可减少水样的清洗次数；该方法的检出限为0．019mg／L、样品的加标回收率为92．69％～97．70％。     

The control of water collection in honey bee colonies

A honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony adaptively controls the collection of water by its foragers, increasing it when high temperatures necesssitate evaporative cooling inside the hive and decreasing it when the danger of overheating passes. This study analyzes the mechanisms controlling water collection once it has begun, that is, how a colony's water collectors know whether to continue or stop their activity. M. Lindauer suggested that water collectors acquire information about their colony's need for more water by noting how easily they can unload their water to bees inside the hive. In support of this hypothesis, we found that a water collector's ease of unloading does indeed change when her colony's need for water changes. How does a water collector sense the ease of unloading? Multiple variables of the unloading experience change in relation to a colony's water need. Three time-based variables – initial search time, total search time, and delivery time – all change quite strongly. But what changes most strongly is the number of unloading rejections (refusals by receiver bees to take the water), suggesting that this is the primary index of ease of unloading. Why does a water collector's ease of unloading change when her colony's need for water changes? Evidently, what links these two variables is change in the number of water receivers. These are middle-aged bees that receive water just inside the hive entrance, then transport it deeper inside the hive, and finally smear it on the walls of cells or give it to other bees, or both. A colony increases the number of water receivers when its water need increases by having bees engaged in nectar reception and other tasks (and possibly also bees that are not working) switch to the task of water reception. Evidently the activation of additional water receivers does not strongly reduce the number of nectar receivers in a colony, since a colony can increase greatly its water collection without simultaneously decreasing its collection of rich nectar. This study provides a clear example of the way that the members of a social insect colony can use indirect indicators of their colony's labor needs to adaptively control the work that they perform.     

云南籼稻核心种质回交后代苗期耐冷性研究

早春低温和连续阴雨是导致籼稻烂秧的主要因素之一,筛选耐冷的种质资源,将耐冷性基因导入高产的籼稻品种之中是防止低温冷害最为经济有效的方法。加强籼籼稻杂交后代的苗期耐冷性研究,可为籼稻耐冷性育种提供条件。以235份云南籼稻核心种质和云南主栽籼稻品种滇屯502(Oryzasatica)配制的杂种F5、BC1F4、BC2F3和BC3F2代为材料,在昆明自然条件下,对亲本及其后代进行苗期(三叶)耐冷性研究。结果表明,(1)不同回交世代与杂种与亲本间的苗期耐冷强弱差异较大,总体趋势为回交供体亲本>F5>BC1F4>BC2F3>BC3F2;揭示了随着回交世代的增加,其回交杂种苗期耐冷性减弱,越来越趋于轮回亲本,在耐冷育种上对回交供体亲本及其早世代材料进行选择更易获得苗期强耐冷材料。(2)同一稻作区,回交供体亲本的苗期耐冷强于杂种后代;稻作区划间,回交供体亲本及杂种F5总趋势相近,滇中一季籼稻粳稻区和滇东北高原粳稻区材料耐冷最强,而BC1F4、BC2F3和BC3F23个回交世代存在一定差异。     

离心脉冲静电除尘模型的除尘性能实验研究

介绍了一种直筒式离心脉冲静电除尘器，研究了其除尘效率与入口风速，直流基础电压，入口粉尘浓度等操作因素的关系；测定了在不同入口风速，不同供电情况下除尘器的分级效率，结果表明，离心脉冲静电除尘器具有结构简单，阻力损失低，除尘效率高等优点；脉冲供电能显著提高除尘器的分级效率。对粒径小于2μm的粉尘的捕集，入口风速为6.97m/s至12.79m/s时，脉并非中供电与直流供电相比，其分级效率提高10%-23%；与旋风相比，其分级效率提高37%-66%。     

Development and Evaluation of a Multiplexed Real-Time TaqMan RT-PCR Assay with a Sample Process Control for Detection of F-specific RNA Coliphage Genogroups I and IV

There are increasing concerns of zoonotic transmission of some animal enteric viruses, such as calicivirus, hepatitis E virus, and rotavirus, which are closely related to human pathogenic strains. Most enteric viruses are detected by molecular techniques because they cannot be cultured. Surrogates such as F-RNA coliphages are cultivable but few molecular methods exist. Individual real-time TaqMan RT-PCR assays for the replicase gene of F-RNA coliphage genogroups I and IV were developed and multiplexed with a real-time TaqMan RT-PCR assay for feline calicivirus as a sample process control for the simultaneous detection and enumeration of genogroup I and IV F-RNA coliphages. Genogroup IV were successfully detected with the multiplexed assay in 80% of fecal samples that contained F-RNA coliphage levels ≥3.2 log plaque forming units (pfu). F-RNA coliphage were at or below the limit of detection in most fecal samples when levels were ≤4 log pfu/g.     

餐厨垃圾生态循环综合处置方案初探

介绍了餐厨垃圾的特点及危害,以及我国餐厨垃圾处理的现状;分析比较了目前国内外餐厨垃圾几种常见处置方法.根据我国餐厨垃圾产生量大、含水率高、油脂和盐分含量高以及成分复杂等特点,提出了分类收集运输、源头预处理以及餐厨垃圾与其它添加物混合堆肥的生态循环综合处置方案,以期为餐厨垃圾处理提供借鉴.     

钢铁窑炉烟尘PM_(2.5)控制技术与装备

简述了国家863课题"钢铁窑炉烟尘PM_(2.5)控制技术与装备"的目的、意义和研究成果,介绍了细颗粒物预荷电技术、基于海岛纤维的表面超细过滤材料、预荷电袋滤器、"一阀多喷"清灰等技术的最新进展,通过示范工程的成功运行,验证了成果的先进性和实用性。研究成果将为工业窑炉烟尘细颗粒物深度净化提供技术和装备支撑,适用于新建除尘项目和除尘项目改造。     

湿式电除尘器用于生物质气化燃气除尘的实验研究

生物质粉尘是生物质气化燃气中主要的杂质之一,其清除效果对生物质气化发电机组的安全运行有着重要的影响。以湿式电除尘装置作为试验平台,研究了生物质粉尘的特性和不同影响因素下湿式电除尘器的除尘效率,并对干法、湿法除尘效率进行对比。研究结果表明:生物质粉尘主要含C、O、Mg、Al、Si、K、Ca、Fe等元素,中位径为26.05μm。在相同条件下,除尘效率随着水压的增大而逐渐增大,当增加到0.4 MPa以后,无较大变化,除尘效率随着电场风速、焦油浓度的增加而减少,在洗涤水中添加少量的碱液有利于除尘。采用极配型式为RS二刺芒刺线配480C型板,当水压为0.4 MPa、电场风速为1.0 m/s,除尘效率可达99.21%。     

接地极雾化电晕放电旋风除尘器的实验研究

静电旋风除尘器的除尘效率高,占地面积小,安装方便,得到了广泛的应用。比较了接地极雾化电晕放电旋风除尘器,静电旋风除尘器和传统旋风除尘器的放电特性、捕集效率、分割粒径、分级效率和对高比电阻的适应能力。研究表明:首先,流量为80 m L/min时,接地极雾化电晕放电旋风除尘器的起晕电压和放电电流均优于静电旋风除尘器;其次,接地极雾化电晕放电旋风除尘器的分割粒径和分级效率都明显优于静电旋风除尘器,而分级效率更是较传统旋风除尘器提高了15%以上。最后,当粉尘的比电阻增大时,接地极雾化电晕放电旋风除尘器的收集效率保持稳定,几乎不随工作时间改变,而静电旋风除尘器的效率则随着工作时间的增加而降低。因此,接地极雾化电晕放电技术更有利于高比电阻粉尘的捕集,应用前景广阔。     

环境水样前处理技术的探讨

环境水样前处理对监测结果准确度的影响不容忽视,是保证监测结果准确度的一个重要环节,样品前处理技术方法及需要注意的问题是保证监测结果真正可靠的保障。